ЛУЧШЕЕ ПРОДВИЖЕНИЕ ВАШЕГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ, ТОВАРОВ И УСЛУГ
РАЗРАБОТКА СОЗДАНИЕ ПРОДВИЖЕНИЕ И СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЕ ЛЮБЫХ САЙТОВ


Warm walls in Ivanovo
The exterior walls of individual houses have to be strong, stable, durable, meet the requirements of regulatory documents on fire resistance, thermal conductivity and protection against noise and conform to modern ideas about architecture. Modern technical standards aimed at solving problems of energy saving and reduction of operational costs, new requirements, according to which a single-layer cladding of traditional building materials - concrete, brick or wood - is unable to provide the required thermal resistance. It can only be achieved in a multi-layer building envelope, which is used as insulation effective thermal insulation material. Thus, to meet the current standards in the construction of individual houses require the use of multilayer wall construction of dissimilar materials having, on the one hand, low thermal conductivity, on the other - to ensure sufficient load-bearing capacity. Competent their design and construction is due to be understanding of the physical processes occurring in the external walls. Most adverse effects of all the factors affecting the condition of the exterior walls of the house, have a precipitation - such as slanting rain with wind. The upper parts of the walls and corners of the strongest exposed to rain. Rain water gets inside the walls through cracks, crevices, loose seams, holes; and it can penetrate the porous surface structure. Therefore, the design of the building facade is necessary to pay special attention to the placement of architectural elements - light fixtures, railings of balconies. They should be placed so as not to direct rain water on the wall. The cause wetting of the building can also be a wrong designed water drainage system: for example, the longitudinal seams of drainpipes should be arranged on the opposite side of the wall, and the distance between the wall and gutters must be at least 30 mm. Moisture from entering the wall structure can also contribute to a wrong window slopes. In addition, the walls are wetted as a result of capillary rise of groundwater due to damage (or lack of) between the sealing cap and the wall. And on the wall affects the water vapor which is constantly formed in the inner rooms as a result of human activity. Water vapor contained in the air inside the building, enter the wall structure, and cooled to a temperature below the dew point condenses. The amount of moisture produced is larger, the higher the air temperature difference between outside and inside, so in the winter rather intensively accumulated moisture in the material walling. To combat the negative consequences of this phenomenon in the design of the walls include steam insulating materials (inside the building), or use different design techniques (primarily, installation of ventilated gap) to ensure effective removal of moisture. Especially high humidity is observed in newly built or renovated buildings. Fast drying design height depends on the temperature and efficiency of ventilation. In addition to moisture on the exterior walls are constantly exposed to severe temperature variations: the inner surface of the wall usually has a temperature close to the room temperature, and the temperature of the outer surface at the same time changes in a fairly wide range - from very large negative values (in winter frosty night ) to values approaching 100 ° C (in sunny summer day). The temperature of different parts of the outer wall surface at the same time may be unequal due to nonuniform illumination by the sun. Therefore, in order to prevent deformation and destruction resulting from the geometric dimensions of the drift caused by temperature fluctuations, it is important that the materials combined in a common structure, have similar thermal expansion coefficients. Some materials pose a serious danger frequent temperature changes from plus to minus. Typically, these materials have relatively high vodopogloschenism so at positive temperatures moisture accumulates in the pores of the material, and if negative - freezes and expands and deforms the structure is accompanied by progressive destruction that leads to cracking. Thus, a constructive solution of the walls and the choice of materials for their construction must be carried out, taking into account local climatic conditions, the economy, given the strength and durability of the building, taking into account the internal comfort and architectural expressiveness of facades. Exterior walls should have the appropriate decorative qualities or prevent the possibility of subsequent finishing, ensuring the realization of appearance of the building, provided architectural design. But first of all the construction of exterior walls shall be tough and to keep carrying capacity throughout the life of the home, to provide weather protection, a level of comfort. Their insulating properties are required to comply with relevant regulations (SNIP I-3-79 "Building Heat Engineering"). For an optimal solution to this problem is not only important to choose the right design and material of the walls, but also to simplify the geometry of the building. This is due to the fact that most heat loss occurs through the outer wall, and the complex shape of the house increases the perimeter and square outer walls through which heat is lost to the outside from the house, and their construction will require more building materials. The complex geometry of the facade usually implies the presence of a large number of corners having the worst heat-shielding characteristics (as compared with smooth-walled). This is due to the fact that the cold outer surface has a large area as compared with the inner, warm air in contact with the room. From the point of view of conservation of heat, the best configuration of the home must be recognized cube. But, unfortunately, in such a house is difficult to perform a comfortable interior layout, so most buildings are designed in the form of a cuboid (excluding the shape of the roof). We should not forget that the natural lighting of rooms is inexpedient to do their extended inside the house. The most favorable ratio of the walls is necessary to recognize the size of the premises 1.5: 1, but is allowed and layout of the premises with an aspect ratio of 1.75: 1 to 2: 1, buried inside or extending along the exterior walls with windows. wind flow, encountering on the way of an obstacle in the form of the building, bypassing it from different angles, resulting in around the construction area formed iotritsatelnogo positive pressure. Wind loads, increasing the height of the building, without fail take into account in the calculation of protecting designs, large pressure drops (in the house, stretched in terms) leads to increased infiltration of cold air through the building envelope (walls and windows). By appointment wall can be divided into external and internal, and on the perception of loads - on bearing and non-bearing. Depending on the materials used walls conditionally divided into the following types: wood - made of logs, lumber, wood frame; brick - of solid and hollow ceramic (clay) and calcium silicate bricks and blocks; stone - of cobblestone, limestone, sandstone, limestone, travertine; light concrete - from gas silicate, expanded clay, cinder, orgolita, opilkobetona; soil-concrete - adobe, compacted soil. According to a constructive solution of the walls are made of logs from timber and assembled from wooden bars; building block - made of brick and small blocks weighing more than 50 kg; schitovye- panel or from ready wall elements to floor height; karkasnye- of pillars and studs with a covering sheet or molded materials; monolithic - concrete and soil; composite or laminated using different materials and designs. During the construction of country houses often as wall materials used brick, lightweight concrete (foam concrete, expanded clay lightweight concrete), wood (beams, logs) and wood with insulation (frame walls). In addition, for the construction of partition walls can be successfully used a relatively new material - cement particle boards (DSP). When choosing the material for the manufacture of the walls is necessary to consider, first of all, the so-called "rule of uniformity". According to this rule, all main walls, external and internal those on which rests the overlap must be made of the same material and to rely on the same foundation. (The combination of certain materials, such as brick and lightweight concrete, as well as DSP and wood frame walls with cladding acceptable.) For the construction of one homogeneous wall construction material used through the entire thickness in a horizontal direction. The group of homogeneous walls are traditionally used in low-rise cottage construction, brick, stone and wood (log and lumber) design, as well as the walls of modern materials (blocks of lightweight concrete, large-format ceramic blocks, and so on. P.), Which are characterized by higher thermal insulation characteristics. The walls may also be combined, using the construction of two (or more) basic building materials that perform different functions. For example, a single material can be used for the construction of the main support structure, the second - used as a heater, and the third - to protect the structure from the adverse effects of atmospheric phenomena, to such structures are home made on the frame-panel technology, the wooden house with brick facing, and also at home, warmed by a plaster or ventilated façade systems. The distance between the main walls (wooden supports for the ceiling beams) should not exceed 4 m, but it can be increased up to 7 m with reinforced concrete floors (for brick walls). And yet, despite the abundance of modern materials for the construction, each of which has certain advantages, it is difficult to give a definite answer to the question, what does build a house. The choice of material depends on the financial possibilities of the future owner of the house and the destination of the future. One can only note that if a country house, for example, is designed only for seasonal residence and for outings on weekends, the best option seems to wood (beams, logs) or frame-panel house: wood has the lowest (compared to other materials) heat capacity, so this house is easier to heat. But for permanent residence more suitable capital house of brick or its analogues - light concrete blocks, but in any case, the final choice rests with the owner and depends on the tastes and preferences. Ivanovo. Tel .: 8920362 32 54.
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РИЕЛТОРЫ НАШЕГО АГЕНТСТВА ПОМОГУТ ВАМ РЕШИТЬ, ВАШУ ПРОБЛЕМУ ПО КУПЛЕ / ПРОДАЖЕ / АРЕНДЕ НЕДВИЖИМОСТИ И ИЗБЕЖАТЬ МНОГОЧИСЛЕННЫЕ ТРУДНОСТИ В ОПЕРАЦИЯХ С НЕЙ. ВНУШИТЕЛЬНАЯ БАЗА ДАННЫХ КУПЛИ-ПРОДАЖИ НЕДВИЖИМОСТИ. ОПЫТНЫЕ И КВАЛИФИЦИРОВАННЫЕ РИЕЛТОРЫ И ЮРИСТЫ ЖДУТ ВАШИХ ОБРАЩЕНИЙ. ТЕЛЕФОН: 8 920 362 32 54.
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